Autism

Definition

Autism, or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is a complex neurological condition that affects how individuals communicate, interact, learn and behave. ASD is characterized by challenges in social communication and the presence of repetitive behaviours. Symptoms are usually seen before the age of three and continue throughout life, with the severity and nature of symptoms varying widely among individuals.

Symptoms

People with autism have difficulties communicating verbally and non-verbally. They often show hyperactivity, intense interests in specific topics and may engage in repetitive behaviours, such as rocking or hand-flapping, also known as “stimming.” Sensory sensitivities are also common which means they react unusually to sounds, lights, or textures. The severity of these symptoms varies from mild to severe, therefore ASD is divided into 3 functional levels where 

• Level 1 requires minimal support,
•  Level 2 requires substantial support and 
• Level 3 requires very substantial support.

Causes

The main causes are thought to be genetic and complications arising during pregnancy/labour and sometimes post MMR vaccine. Autism is diagnosed clinically by a neurologist based on signs and symptoms.

Treatment

Awareness and understanding of autism have increased in recent years, leading to more diagnoses. Though ASD is said to be incurable, there are conventional and advanced treatment options that improve the quality of life for children with autism, helping them develop essential skills for daily living and social interaction. 

• Conventional treatment includes Speech therapy, Occupational therapy, and Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) therapy.
• Advanced treatment comprises Homoeopathy, Ayurveda and Stem Cell Therapy which is selected based on what suits the unique needs of the individual. 

While treatment plays an important role in managing ASD, it is the undying love and support of the family of such individuals that makes life worth living for individuals with ASD. There is a need to spread awareness of the unique requirements of the individuals with Autism to create an empathetic society where these individuals can live happy and meaningful lives.

References

1. https://www.webmd.com/brain/autism/understanding-autism-basics
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autism
3. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/autism
4. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7082249/